当你从Windows转到Linux后，比较麻烦的一个问题就是中文字符乱码。出现乱码一般都是因为编码解析不一致，比如：你的Windows字符默认的是中文GBK字符模式，Linux下默认的是UTF-8字符模式，解决办法就是统一字符编码，一般选择UTF-8中英文通吃。说一下Linux下面MySQL出现的中文乱码解决办法……
MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：
字符集(Character set) 和排序方式 (Collation)。
对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次 :
服务器(server) ，数据库 (database)，数据表(table) 和连接(connection)。
一、先查看数据库字符集
mysql> show variables like '%char%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%collation%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
二、查看 MySQL 数据表（table ） 的字符集。
mysql> show table status from pubs like '%students%';
三、查看 MySQL 数据列（column ）的字符集。
mysql> show full columns from students;
四、查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。
mysql> show charset; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
在以下地方加入：
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect=’SET NAMES utf8′ #（设定连接 mysql数据库时使用utf8编码，以让 mysql数据库为utf8 运行）
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
*有说在[mysqld] 处添加default-character-set=utf8，但设了后重启不了服务
重启 MySQL
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart #或者 sudo service mysql restart
其他的一些设置方法：
修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;
通过配置文件修改 :
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1 default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci 为 default-character-set=utf8 default-collation=utf8_general_ci
一般就算设置了表的默认字符集为 utf8并且通过UTF-8 编码发送查询，你会发现存入数据库的仍然是乱码。问题就出在这个 connection连接层上。解决方法是在发送查询前执行一下下面这句：
SET NAMES ‘utf8’;
它相当于下面的三句指令：
SET character_set_client = utf8;
SET character_set_results = utf8;
SET character_set_connection = utf8;
//修改数据库
mysql> alter database name character set utf8;
//修改表
alter table 表名 convert to character set utf8; #或者 mysql>alter table 表名 default character set utf8;
//修改字段
alter table 表名 modify column 字段名 varchar(30) character set utf8 not null;
//添加表字段
alter table 表名 add column 字段名 varchar (20) character set utf8;
例：
mysql> alter table students character set utf8;
mysql> alter table students modify column name varchar(10) character set utf8;
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